Thursday, March 29, 2018

On the Discovery of the Self



γνῶθι σαυτόν
gnōthi sautón
- KNOW YOURSELF -




Before we start with the practice for Anahata chakra I wanted to post something about what I consider the real purpose of yoga.

The "mind" and spiritual aspects of yoga are often put aside to favor the development of an healthy and attracting body (which can be, somehow, right. "Body is a temple" says an old statement, referring to the fact that the body is the physical manifestation where the self dwells). It's ok if you start practicing yoga with this purpose, but with time (and if your practice is constant), you will have more than just a "beautiful shape" - whatever it means.

So, yoga is not only about the physical body and the asana practice.

Asana as such is just one of the eight limbs of yoga as described by Patanjali, which comprises Yamas and Niyamas (ethical and self - discipline insights mostly based on the principle of do no harm to yourself and to others), Asana, Pranayama (subtle body expansion by control of breath), Pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses), Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (contemplation) and Samadhi (state of bliss where the observer merges with the observed).

Another quote you surely heard: "mens sana in corpore sano", a healthy mind in a healthy body; this is the reason why in yoga one practices asanas and at a certain point, will start to prefer some foods to others.
Taking care of the body, practicing certain postures that stretch and press and relax specific parts of the body can trigger the awakening of the real self.
I think this is the final purpose of the yoga sutras of Patanjali, to give some sort of guidance or advice in order to discover who you really are. This last one is the ultimate purpose of yoga: take contact with your inner self, which is the same as the higher self.

Yoga derives from the Sanskrit root "yug" which is often translate as "to unite" or "union". This can be right but a better translation to me is "to merge" or "to blend in", but even these two don't really explain what really yoga is, at least to me. Yoga is a state of mind that can hardly be described with words. But please consider that this is only my personal opinion.

Joining all the pieces of information together (mainly from books but also from online sources - there's an incredible amount of information on the web about this topic as it seems we are passing some sort of special astral situation and it is not very easy to discriminate what is trustworthy or not) I have found out that the matter is quite complex, but summarizing, we have the ego and the real self.

In order to achieve...or at least try to achieve a state of yoga, one needs to listen to the higher self, leaving the ego behind or, better, taking care of the ego so that it "becomes" the same Self. As written on another post, action, thought and spirit are in harmony with each other.

My yoga teacher had a big beautiful Ganesha statue on the side of the door of the hall where we practiced and once she told me we should leave our ego to Ganesh while we practice yoga.
Ganesha or Ganesh is the hindu god with an elephant's head, I am sure even some not into yoga know him. He is the one you have to invoke to removes obstacles from your path.
For me Ganesh is just another depiction for a force of the universe, specifically, the willpower. Willpower is the force who removes obstacles.





But what is ego, and what is the self?
In my opinion....

Ego is the part of you which identifies itself with your body and material things surrounding you. It is your ego that make you appear, behave, believe and live the way you do.
It is the voice inside your head that wants things but does not want to wait for things, that judges others and that triggers the "look at me" effect I call it, the desire of doing things so that others can see. A big example are the social networks everyone seems so busy in.

We often do things to impress others or to cause a reaction in others.
The ego looks for the approval of the external world. Conditionings, and unfortunately very often society itself has been created by ego.
Sometimes one works hard most of his life to buy or do stuff he does not need (and probably does not really care of). Even worst, you work to survive.

If they really have meaning to you, do these things just for yourself and not to please others.
Ego tries to understand things speculating on them.
The fact we do not care enough for this water - and earth - based planet, keeping on polluting, doing wars, arguing and overall thinking too much is a manifestation of ego. We should remember that we belong to this planet but we do not own it. 
I remember a documentary where an old hindu sage named Descartes and his insight "I think therefore I am", saying that in his case, he would have said "I AM, therefore, I don't think".


The real self or higher self is the voice inside your head that you often do not hear or you hear, but refuse to follow. Often we decide not to follow it because "instructions" are not rationals or we cannot understand them.
Our own self is the one that says "do no harm" to both yourself and other people. It's the voice of wisdom, which knows perfectly you have to take care of yourself before taking care of others. It is the part of you that can find a way to merge with the infinite.
It is pure empathy an selfless service. It is the part of us that makes you put yourself in the shoes of other human beings. This latter statement of mine might be confused with pity, but it is not; pity is a feeling that might be driven by your ego in order to make you feel better or at a higher level than others. The point here is that this self is the same for all of us. It comes from the same place for all of us.

There's a short story in hindu traditions, at the times when Brahma created the universe, he got bored after a while because he was always alone. He created Maya so that they could keep company to each other, just for fun. 
Once created, Maya asked Brahma to play a game, the only rule being that he had to do what Maya said.
Brahma accepted and under Maya's instruction, he created the galaxies, the sun and all the things we see, including human beings under specific request of Maya to create an intelligent specie.
Brahma asked when they would have begun playing Maya's game; "Immediately!" Maya answered, and broke Brahma into a million pieces putting each piece inside a human being. She also decided that Brahma would have forgot his divine nature and his life as a divine being and that he should have found himself in others.
A famous quote from Carl Gustav Jung, the famous psychiatrist is that "Everything that irritates us on others can lead us to a better understanding of ourselves". Can you see yourself in other people? Would you be able to walk in their shoes?

The real self is the real essence of you and it is quite right most of the times, if you listen and act according to it. But this is hard to do because often our ego gets in the way and due to conditiongs and believes, we are mostly oriented in following our ego and act accordingly to it...also because society almost impose us to do so.
It should be the opposite, the ego should act accordingly to the higher self. But we find ourselves in a sort of reversed situation in which all that there's outside is important, while the inside is often neglected and put aside. That is why I am pushing so much in the more "internal" aspects of the practice of yoga.

If you will take the road of the discovery of the real self, arm yourself with patience because even when your ego will finally seem to have disappeared, it might arise again unexpectedly. Don't fall in the trap. When you feel it is your ego driving you, question why would you make  a specific choice or act in a specific way.
Self-inquiry is the key, at least at the beginning. After an initial phase that might last more or less time, things will start to go on their own, flowing accordingly to your balance.

Let the self guide the ego like if it was a scholar, or a small child. Not forcing, but making it understand that there's a right way to exist, in line with what you truly are and in profound respect of yourself and the other living beings.



Friday, March 23, 2018

The danger of flattery - a moment of mindful relax

From Vedanta through stories
Chapter I Self Analysis, Section I Ways of the World

15. The danger of flattery


A teacher while instructing his students, was describing the evil effects of flattery. He said, "Have you not seen a kind of fish which you can puff up by blowing into its mouth? The more it is blown into, the more it swells, till a time comes when it bursts and dies.
Once upon a time a king was invaded by his enemy. The matter was discussed for hours by his cabinet. Unfortunately, he had a number of flatterers in his cabinet who assured him that nothing could happen to him as he was a very mighty king. The king felt so much flattered that he took no action or precaution, with the result that the enemy invaded his kingdom and having conquered it put him to an ignominous death."



Thursday, March 22, 2018

Manipura chakra asana and meditation practice part III: intermediate to advanced level

Last chapter of the three-parts Manipura chakra practice, in this post the asanas that yogis can practice once an intermediate to advanced level of overall flexibility and balance in the body. You can add some to your daily practice, with awareness on the chakra each one relates to.

Always remember not to force yourself and that all asanas can be practiced at different levels of difficulty, so if you do not reach the "higher stage" of an asana do not worry too much. You will get there by practicing and practicing; I remember when, a couple of years ago, I was able for the first time to perform chakrasana - I could never do "the wheel" when I was younger, even as a child and even if I have always been quite in good shape and not even during my TTC!!!! - I was very surprised, because it happened in a time when I was feeling more flexible somehow, but compared to other periods of my life, I was not in a good physical shape at all, so it was completely unexpected.
Try to practice, not only yoga but everything in your life, with an attitude of non-attachment. This goes for both bad things and good things.


Meditate on:

The city of jewels. A beautiful yellow shining and burning lotus flower with 10 petals located in the solar plexus (above the navel).
The sound RAM.
The Fire element. Consciousness of the pranic energy flowing throughout the body.
Imagine yourself as fire. Ignite the flame of your inner strenght and willpower.

ASANA:

The asana practice is focused on the belly and the lower to middle part of the spine, as well as on the digestive system with many twisting and turning asanas.

Intermediate to advanced practitioners

Halasana (Plough pose)
Lie on your back with legs and feet together. Place your arms by the side of the trunk, palms facing down. lose your eyes and relax completely.
Inhale deeply and with a single movement raise your legs up straight engaging your abdominal muscles, press on the arms and lift the buttocks, roll your spine up and away from the floor. Lower the legs down over your head, tuck the toes under.
The chin should touch the chest. This is the final position. Hold as much as comfortable, breathing deeply, close the eyes and focus on the solar plexus area. Be careful to avoid any neck movement to avoid injuries. The neck should be stretched and relaxed in this position.
To come out of the posture, inhale deeply and exhaling roll your spine back on the floor, vertebra by vertebra, lower your buttocks and then the legs, being careful that the neck always stays on the floor.

Do not force to let the toes reach the floor, if you can't; instead, use a cushion or any kind of available support. In this case it is also recommendable that you place your hands on the lower back for extra support.

Matsyasana (Fish pose)
Lie on your back with legs stretched out. Place your hands below the buttocks, the arms are close as much as possible to the trunk.
Inhale and using your hands, lower arms and elbows for support roll the spine upwards so that the crown of the head touch the floor. Keep your legs together, open both feet to the sides so they resemble the tail of the fish.
Hold the position for as much as comfortable, while breathing deeply. The final position may be held for 5 minutes, however 1 to 3 minutes is enough.
Slowly and carefully roll the spine and the neck back to the floor, close the feet and relax.

It is possible to come to Matsyasana from Halasana in case you want to practice a sort of flow movement; when releasing Halasana, adjust the position of the arms and hands so that your buttocks will lower on the back of your hands. Lower the spine and legs down with an exhale. Inhale and roll up to Matsyasana.

Matsyasana can also be practiced sitting in Padmasana (lotus pose), carefully leaning backwards supporting the body with the arms and elbows. Arch the spine up and let the crown of the head touch the floor, without raising the crossed legs from the floor. Hold the big toes if you reach, however the hands can also be on the side of the body. The weight of the body should be distributed on the buttocks, legs, elbows and the crown of the head. To come out of the posture, press on your elbows and roll the spine back to a upright position with the same movements you made to come in the posture, but in reverse order. Release padmasana and practice the posture with the legs crossed the other way.

Chakrasana (Wheel pose)
Lie on the back and relax the whole body.
Bend your knees, open the legs to the side of the mat and place your heels as close as possible to the buttocks. The closest, the better.
Raise your arms and place the palms of the hands flat on the floor beside the head, fingertips pointing towards the shoulders.
Inhale deeply and moving slowly, press on the feet to raise your legs and arch your back and neck so that the crown of the head touches the floor. This is the first stage. Exhale and on the next inhale, with a single movement, press on the feet and hands, stretch the arms and legs as much as possible, lifting the head from the floor. This is the final posture. Hold as much as comfortable and come out with control, lowering the arms and bringing the crown of the head on the floor, then rolling the neck and the spine back on the floor. Relax the legs down and come back to the initial supine pose.

In case you cannot practice (yet! do not give up! :D) with the final position, hold the first stage until you will develop enough strength and flexibility to raise up completely.
After practicing Chakrasana I usually stay for a couple of breaths in pawanmuktasana to balance the arch in the spine.

Dhanurasana (Bow pose)
Lie flat on the belly, chin or forehead on the floor. Open the legs and bend the knees so that the hells come in touch with the buttocks. Clasp your ankles with your hands, adjust the position so the shoulders are back and down. This is the starting position.
Inhale and pushing the feet away from the body, arch your back so that you rise the chin, the chest and the thighs from the floor. Keep the arms straight and you can roll forward and backwards to adjust the position.
Hold while breathing normally as much time as you ar comfortable. Feel the massage of the floor on the solar plexus area. To come out from the posture, slowly lower the legs down and come back to the starting position. Release the ankles and relax in Makarasana (Crocodile pose).

Saithalyasana (animal resting pose)
This is a relaxing pose.
Sit with your legs open as wide as much as possible. Bend the right knee and place the sole of the feet on the inner part of the thigh. Bend the left knee and turn the thigh backwards so that the left heel is placed on the outside of the left buttock.
Turn the torso to the right, inhale and raise your arms up on the sides of the head and exhaling bend forward over the right knee, bringing the arms, hands and forehead on the floor.
The left buttock should touch, or stay as close as possible to the floor. If it can't rest on the floor, use a cushion or a block for support.
Hold the position breathing normally and relaxing the whole body as much as comfortable. Feel the massage in the belly as it bends to reach forward on the right side.
To come out of the posture, raise your hands, arms and trunk at the same time or roll back slowly walking your hands and arms close to the sides of the trunk.
Release the legs position slowly and carefully and repeat on the left side.

Parivritti Janu Sirshasana (Spiralled head to knee pose)
Sit with the legs open wide  and the sitbones on the floor. Bend the left knee and place the sole of the foot on the inside of the of the left thigh. Inhale and turn the trunk to the left and exhaling bend on the right side, the right elbow should touch the floor and the right lower arm should be relaxed on the side of the right leg. Clasp the right toes with your left hand if you can. Feel the stretch on the left side of the body.
The chest should be facing forward and the left arm should be up and looking forward too. Adjust the position of the shoulders so that you feel comfortable in the position.
Breathe normally while holding, to come out of the posture inhale deeply and raise the trunk and the left arm up and relax before you repeat on the other side.

Eka Padmottanasana (One leg stretch pose)
Sit with the legs outstretched in front of you. Bend the right leg as in Sukhasana (placing the right foot against the inner left thigh) or Ardhapadmasana (placing the right foot on top of the left thigh).
Bend the left knee and place the foot on the ground, grasp the left toes or foot with both hands. Lean backwards and find balance on your sitbones so that your back is straight.
Slowly start raising the left foot and straighten the leg. Keep the spine straight and strong to balance.
Hold the position as long as comfortable. To come out, bend the knee and slowly start lowering your feet to the ground.
Repeat on the other side.

Yogamudrasana (Psychic union pose)
Sit in Vajrasana (easier) or Padmasana (advanced). Bring the arms behind the back and interlace your fingers (hands should be at lower spine level). Inhale and bend forward from the torso, your forehead should reach the floor. Avoid lifting the sitbones from the floor; instead, place a cushion or a block of the appropriate height in case of discomfort.
Take a few breaths in this position; then inhaling raise your arms up to stretch the shoulders back, the shoulder blades come closer.
The other possibility is, once sitting in Padmasana, bring the arms behind your back and reach out for the right big toe with the left hand and for the left big toe with the right hand.
Relax the whole body in the final position, breathing slowly and deeply.
Be aware of the pressure of the heels on the belly.
Stay in the position as long as comfortable, focusing on breathing; to come out, inhale deeply and exhaling lower the arms down slowly, reaching the lower back with your hands releasing the shoulders.
Inhale and slowly bring your torso up. Release the hand position or release the big toes and the position of the arms in case you practiced with the second option for the arms.
Release the position of the legs in case you practiced in Padmasana and repeat with the lower leg up this time.

Hamsasana (Swan pose)
Sit in Vajrasana, stand on your knees. Lean forward and place the palms of the hands flat on the floor with the fingers pointing backwards.
Bend your elbows so that the upper arm comes in contact with the trunk, find balance as the chest is supported by the upper ar
ms and the elbows support the abdomen.
Slowly stretch the legs backwards until they are straight. Keep the feet together and tuck the toes under.
Raise the head slightly, or keep your chin on the floor. Focus the gaze to a fixed point in front of you.
In the final position, all the weight of the body rests on the hands and the tip of the toes. Hold the position for as long as comfortable. Lower the knee to the floor and release the arms position very carefully, returning to Vajrasana.

Mayurasana (Peacock pose)
Assume Hamsasana or the swan pose. Tense all the muscles of the body and slowly start to raise the trunk and legs so that they are orizontal to the floor. Hold the head in position you assumed for Hamsasana and on the inhale try to raise a bit more the legs, always maintaining a straight line across the spine. Adjust the position engaging your abdominal muscles so that you can balance.
Maintain for as long as comfortable. Slowly lower down and return to the starting position.

Virabhadrasana (Warrior pose) var III
Stand with the feet together. Raise the arms stright above the head and interlock the fingers joining the palms.
Move all the weight of the body on the left leg while you start leaning forward with your torso and raising the right foot up backwards.
In the final position hands, arms, head, neck, trunk and the raised leg are in a straight orizontal line.
Balance holding the gaze on a fixed point on the floor. You can raise the head and look straight up also.
Hold as long as comfortable and always keeping the same orizontal body line come back to the upright position.
Lower the arms and relax the body. Repeat on the other side.

Sirsha Angusta Yogasana (Head to toe pose)
Stand upright with the legs opened as much as possible. Interlock the fingers behind the lower back, keep the arms straight.
With a single movement twist the trunk, the right foot and the gaze to the right. Bend the right knee so that your ankle is directly below the knee. This is the starting position.
Exhale and bend forward from the trunk and inhaling stretch the arms up. The head should come close to or reach the inside of the right calf or of the right foot.
Allow the arms to fall forward at each inhale. Hold the position as long as comfortable, to release raise the head and the trunk simultaneously bringing the hands to the lower back. Straighten the bended leg and come back to center. Relax the body and then repeat on the other side.



That is all for the practice about Manipura Chakra, the solar plexus energy center.
Always remember to practice mindfully and to focus on the stimulated part of the body during the exercise. This will bring awareness of both your grosser body the ethereal one and this goes especially for Manipura, being strongly associated with prana.

Next up is the amazing practice for Anahata Chakra or the Heart Chakra. As we go up in the chain of chakras, we will start dedicating more and more time to meditation and self - inquiry.

















Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Manipura Chakra asana and meditation practice, part II: beginners

It took me a while to complete this part II for Manipura chakra.
Manipura chakra is an important chakra as it deals directly with our pranic energy and our actions in the world. It is the very centre of our body.

Many asanas can stimulate this chakra, including the sequence of Surya Namaskar already discussed.
In this post, the asanas that can be practiced at a beginner level will be reported to be added to your daily yoga practice to heal your chakras.

I take this opportunity to recall also the articles of the first two chakras Mooladhara and Swadhistana.

Manipura


Meditate on:

The city of jewels. A beautiful yellow shining and burning lotus flower with 10 petals located in the solar plexus (above the navel).
The sound RAM.
The Fire element. Consciousness of the pranic energy flowing throughout the body.
Imagine yourself as fire. Ignite the flame of your inner strenght and willpower.

ASANA:

The asana practice is focused on the belly and the lower to middle part of the spine, as well as on the digestive system with many twisting and turning asanas.

Beginners

Ardha Chakrasana (half - Wheel pose)
Lie on your back and bend the knees with your feet touching the floor. The feet can be together or about 10 - 15cm apart and the closer to your buttocks, the better.
If you have the flexibility grasp the ankles with the hands or keep the arms on the floor by the side of the body with palms of the hands facing down. This is the starting position, from here, avoid moving the head and neck.
Inhale and rais the buttocks, arch the back, raise the navel and the chest as much as possible, pushing the chest upwards. Keep your knees at the same distance of the feet.
The chin should touch the chest. Do not strain and hold the position as long as it is comfortable for you. Remember to breath normally while maintaining the position.
To come out of the posture, lower the shoulders, back and buttocks to the floor, release the arms and outstretch the legs.

This position improves the flexibility of the spine, massages and stretches the abdominal organs and strenghtens the buttocks and thighs.

Setu Asana (Bridge pose)
Sit with your legs outstretched. Place the palms of the hands on the floor on either side of the body about 30 cm behind the buttocks. Keep the elbows straight and the fingers pointing backwards and recline a little the trunk.
Inhale and raise the legs, buttocks and back, let the head hang back. The soles of the feet should get to touch the floor. Arms and legs should be strainght.
Stay in the position as long as it is comfortable and remember to breath normally while holding the pose.
To come out, slowly lower the buttocks to the floor.

Meru Wakrasana (Simple spinal twist)
Sit with the legs outstretched. Bend the right knee and place it either on the inside or the outside of the left thigh; what is important is that the sole of the feet touches the floor.
Place the right arm on the side of the right thigh; you can embrace the right leg if it is more confortable.
Inhale and raise the left arm up; as you exhale, twist to the left and place the left hand flat on the floor, close to the left buttocks. Also turn your gaze as you twist. Remember to breath normally without strain and to keep the position as long as it is comfortable.
To come out, inhale and raise the left arm up and lower it down as you release the twist. Relax the right arm and leg and repeat on the other side.

Bhu Namasana (Spinal twist prostration pose)
Sit with your back straight and the legs outstretched.
Place both hands by the side of the right hip, fingers pointing to each other.
Inhale, twist to the right and slightly bending the arms, bend the torso and lower the head while exhaling. In the final position, the forehead should touch the floor.
Keep the buttocks on the floor.
Keep the position for as much as comfortable, then repeat on the other side.

Shashankasana (Hare pose)
Sit in Vajrasana, keep the spine straight. Inhale and raise the arms straight above the head at shoulder distance. Starting position.
Exhale and bend the trunk forward from the hips. The heels should be in contact with the buttocks, the back, head and arms should be in line with the trunk.
Arms and forehead should touch the floor.
Maintain the position holding the breath then inhale and slowly raise arms, head and trunk to the starting position. Lower the arms.

This asana can be practiced dynamically, just make sure to check the breath and avoid fast movements. A gentler variation for coming out from the posture is to slide the hands and arms to roll up instead or raising them straight up.

Santolanasana (Balancing pose)
Come to a table top pose as for marjari asana, tuck the toes under and lift the knees, until the body is in a stright line.
Arms are straight right below the shoulders.
Engage your abdominal muscles in the center of the torso to keep the position.
Gaze in the space between your hands to straighten the neck too but if this is unconfortable, look in front of you.
Keep the position for as long as comfortable while breathing normally. Try to focus your breathing at the solar plexus area.

For a gentler variation, it is possible to keep the knees down.

Parivritti Trikonasana (Twisted triangle pose)
Standing, open the feet as wide as you can (more than shoulder width apart), raise the arms sideways to shoulder level. Inhale. This is the starting position
Exhale and turn the head and the right feet to the right. Inhale, stretch on the right side with the trunk, then exhaling, slowly twist the torso and bend while switching the arms, so that the left hand comes to the outer side of the right calf. The right arm is stretched up vertically. Ideally, the two arms should be in one line.
Look up to the right hand, but it is possible to look in front or down to the right feet. Remember to breath normally while you stay in the asana and to avoid bringing the body forward.
To release, look down to the right feet then as you inhale raise the trunk up. Turn the head and the right feet to the front as in the strating position and repeat on the other side.

Virabhadrasana II (Warrior pose variation II)
Stand erect, open the feet as wide as possible (more than shoulder width apart),raise the arms sideways to shoulder level. This is the starting position. Inhale and as you exhale, turn the head and the right foot to the right.
As you exhale, bend the right knee to a 90 degree angle, keeping it in line with the ankle, and gaze at the right fingertips.
Hold for as much as comfortable. Straighten the right leg, turn the head and the right knee back to the starting position and repeat on the left side.










Friday, March 2, 2018

Self-defeating worldly hopes - a moment of mindful relax

Chapter I - Self Analysis

Section I: ways of the world

 11. Self defeating wordly hopes

A milk man, while going to the market to sell milk, became absorbed with the dreams of his future.

He thought that with the profits he would purchase some ducks, that the ducks would give birth to a number of ducklings which he might be able to sell for sufficient profit to enable him to invest in a cow.

The cow would calve a number of times within a few years and would thus enable him to purchase a horse and even an elephant; as he made the appropriate movements with his body, the milk pot slipped from his head and broke into pieces. Thus all his hopes were shattered like the pot.